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December 2011 Articles

Plant trees now through midwinter
USDA and Feld Entertainment, Inc., Reach Settlement Agreement
Statement by Bob stallman, President, American Farm Bureau Federation, Regarding
Winter, early spring are good times to prune most trees, shrubs
Cattle on Feed Report Trends are a Key
Effect of Supplemental Trace Minerals From Injection on Health and Performance o
EPA's Crushing Regulatory Burdens Threaten Family Farms
Tight Stocks, Strong Demand continue for Corn Market
2011 Food and Health Survey - Consumer Attitudes Towards Food Safety, Nutrition
GIPSA Rules
Compare Cost of Raising Replacements Versus Purchasing
Corn research pays dividends for La. Farmers
Vow not to gain weight over the holiday season
LSU AgCenter nutritionist gives advice about diabetes
American Tree Farm System
Statement by Bob Stallman, President, American Farm Bureau Federation, Regarding
Agricultural Secretary Vilsack Highlights the 150th Anniversary of USDA
AFBF: Farm Youth Labor Rule Overreaches DOL Authority
Agriculture Secretary Vilsack Announces $50 Million for Gulf Coast Restoration
Notes from Germany
Cutting Corners
Just Rambling
Inaugural WTC agricultural committee meets in New Orleans
Just Rambling
Scholarship Donkey
Horse owners advised to be on the lookout for infectious disease
Early wheat harvest helps farmers avoid floods
FORAGE UPDATE: HAY STOCKS AND PASTURES:
Blueberries offer health benefits
Arkansas Agriculture Newsletters Livestock Market News - Situation and Outlook
La. farmers face huge losses from flood, drought damage
Bring butterflies with buddleias
AFBF Estimates 3.6M Ag Acres Hit by Floods
AFBF: 3% Withholding Tax Needs Repeal
Replacement Heifers - A Strategy for Success
Statement by Boy Stallman, President, American Farm Bureau Federation, Regarding
Ninth annual Water Fest draws 300 students
New rules facing catfish industry
USDA changes safe pork cooking temperatures
Corn Supply Tight Despite Projected Record Crop
Stay Away from high-calorie, caffeine-containing drinks in hot weather
Air Quality and the Broiler Industry
Turkey gnats pose nuisance to people, but threat to chickens
Coping with Drought
DROUGHT AID AVAILABLE FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS
Cutting Corners: Summer Smoothies
Just Rambling
Horse Expert Lists Benefits of Horse Ownership
Micellaneous Horse Trivia
La. cattle producers vote to continue checkoff
TAHC to Discontinue Brucellosis Testing at Markets
Drought bigger concern than flood for agriculture 2011
Saddle Pad Tips
2011 Food and Farm Facts Now Available
Insect, disease control critical to successful pecan production
Lantanas offer summer flowers, attract butterflies
Azalea problems answered
Verses by H. Jackson Brown, Jr.
Gulf seafood remains safe, expert says
Great Orators
Keep hydrated, keep safe during hot weather
Weater Challenges Reflected in Latest USDA Crop Report
Proper watering is important during dry weather
Armadillos don't have to ruin your landscape
Tracking Milk and Egg Trends
Energy Cost Run-up Drives Retail Food Prices in Second Quarter
Common Diseases Affecting Small Poultry Flocks
Drought Likely to Impact Cattle Markets for Years
Horse Pasture, Seeds Help Your Pasture Management
Why some people are mosquito magnets
Cutting Corners: Squash Fritters
Just Rambling
Just Rambling
• Trichomoniasis in Cattle
Tractor Safety
10 Tips for Preventing Clinical Exacerbation of heaves in Horses
AFBF Outlines Steps to Ease Regulatory Nightmare
Heat Stress in Livestock
Avoiding Heat Stress in Youth Livestock Projects
Biodiesel workshop shows how it's done
Hay bale load restrictions waived to help Texas ranchers
Why We Say the Things We Say
Year-to-Date U.S. Cattle Slaughter Rate
Approval of Clean Water Cooperative Federalism Act Urged
America's Heartland Launches Seventh Season on Public TV
Feeding the Herd through a Drought
Higher Energy Prices Hitting Farmers' Bottom Line
Tight Supply Situation Still Driving Corn Market
Horse Facts:
Fig trees can enhance landscapes
Horse Trivia:
Another Look at Production Records
National Poultry Inprovement Plan (NPIP)
Don't let poison ivy get you
Trivia:
Love him or loathe him, he nailed this one right on the head.......
Cutting Corners: Santa Fe Rice Salad
Just Rambling
Students participate in summer institute
Cook meats carefully to avoid illnesses
"Signs of Planting"
Take care of your crape myrtle trees
Drought may affect deer
3 LSU AgCenter administrators to receive honorary FFA degree
Trees need special care during drought
August USDA Report Confirms Tight Corn Crop
AFBF Pleased by DOT Guidance on Ag Transportation
Blackleg May be a Concern in Drought Conditions
Cull Cow Strategy for the Fall
The Things I Know
Sweet potato growers learn latest at LSU AgCenter field day
Arkansas Agriculture Newsletters Livestock Market News - Situation and Outlook
Valuation Measures for Forage
OUTLOOK IS FOR FEEDSTUFFS TO REMAIN VERY EXPENSIVE
Livestock Market News - Week Ending August 26, 2011
Did You Know?
The First Year - LSU AgCenter Hill Farm Research Station Broiler Demonstration H
Strain: LDAF is more efficient
Drift roses offer new landscape options
Cutting Corners: Banana Pudding Cupcakes

(120 articles found)

Archives by Months

Trichomoniasis in Cattle

Trichomoniasis in Cattle
Dr. Jeremy Powell, Associate Professor and Veterinarian
Dr. Tom Troxel, Professor, University of Arkansas Introduction Trichomoniasis, commonly referred to as “trich,” is a venereal disease of cattle caused by a protozoa organism, Tritrichomonas foetus. This small, motile organism is found only in the reproductive tract of infected bulls and cows. Infected cattle can lead to major economic losses due to infertility, low pregnancy rates, an extended calving season, diminished calf crops and occasional abortions in pregnant cows and heifers. It can also be very costly to eradicate from a herd. Trich is not a human health issue, but it is currently a reportable disease in Arkansas. Transmission and Clinical Signs Trich is transmitted from an infected bull to the cow’s reproductive tract during breeding and then migrates to the uterus. Infected cows will experience infertility and early embryonic death, causing the cow to return to estrus (heat) and subsequently leading to poor pregnancy rates and an extended breeding season. This disease causes very few outward signs in infected cows or bulls. An infected cow may show a very subtle, mild vaginal discharge 1 to 3 weeks after becoming infected, but in many cases no outward signs are apparent. Obviously, these signs can easily go unnoticed; therefore, trich can be present in a herd for a considerable time before it is suspected and diagnosed. Repeat breeding or infertility of individual cows can last up to 5 months. The reason for the open or late cows is the organism causes the loss of the calf a few weeks into the pregnancy. The majority of infected cows will clear the infection if given 120 to 150 days of sexual rest. Most cows will eventually settle, if given enough time, but their immunity to the disease is weak; therefore, they can be reinfected the next season. An infected bull has virtually no outward signs of infection, but the bull is the main source of transmission for the herd. In bulls, the organism lives on the tissue lining of the penis and preputial sheath. Once infected, bulls (especially bulls over 4 years of age) often stay infected for life. Trich typically gets introduced into a herd by the introduction of one infected animal, an infected bull. Diagnosis In spite of the fact that bulls do not show clinical signs of infection, the organism is easier to find in bulls than in cows. This is because bulls become long-term “carriers” of the disease while cows eventually shed the infection. Two weeks of sexual rest is recommended before a bull is tested. This allows organisms time to build up to a detectable level. A wash and scrapings from inside the preputial sheath are collected and placed into special growth media. This sample can be used for two types of test: a culture test or a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Confirmation of infection can be identified by three separate culture tests (weekly intervals) or one PCR test. For more information about testing, contact your local veterinarian. Treatment and Prevention Currently, there is no approved treatment for cattle infected with trichomoniasis. However, cattle producers can do a lot to protect their herds from a trichomoniasis outbreak.
When purchasing bulls, purchase virgin bulls if possible.
If purchasing a bull that has prior breeding experience, or if you are renting or borrowing a bull for breeding, then isolate the bull and have it tested for trich before turning the bull out with the cows.
If you suspect a problem in your herd, test your current bull battery. Any positive bulls should be culled and sold for slaughter only.
Keep the neighbor’s bull out of your cow pasture. You don’t know if he may be a carrier of the disease.
Pregnancy check cows in a timely manner after the breeding season to identify a potential problem early.
When purchasing females, purchase virgin heifers and/or cows from a reputable source.
Keep fences in good repair to prevent accidental contact with potentially infected cattle. Monitor traffic in and out of the herd.
Keep good records of a herd’s reproductive efficiency. The records can help identify a possible problem.
Maintain a defined breeding season, perform pregnancy exams and cull open cows.
A vaccine is available to aid the control and prevention of this disease. The vaccine can be useful in cows but does not protect bulls from becoming infected. Vaccination requires two injections, typically administered 2 to 4 weeks apart. Consult with your veterinarian when starting a trichomoniasis vaccination program for your herd. Breeding Bull Shipment Regulations Cattle producers should be aware of trichomoniasis testing requirements prior to movement. The Arkansas Livestock and Poultry Commission is the governing body that sets and enforces such requirements. For the current trichomoniasis testing movement requirements, contact the Arkansas Livestock and Poultry Commission (www.arlpc.org) or your local veterinarian.

Emergency Movement Requirements for Trichomoniasis in Cattle Dr. Tom Troxel, Professor, U of A On June 2 the Livestock and Poultry Commission passed an emergency regulation for testing bulls for trichomoniasis prior to intrastate movement. The regulation reads as follows. Intrastate Change of Ownership Requirements for Bulls A. Any bull changing ownership within the state of Arkansas shall have a negative official T. foetus test within thirty (30) days prior to change of ownership with no exposure to females from seven (7) days prior to the test at the time of change of ownership. B. Exceptions to this rule shall include the following: 1. A bull accompanied by an Arkansas Virgin Bull Affidavit; 2. A bull sold directly to slaughter; or 3. A bull sold for feeding and slaughter that will be castrated within seven (7) days of change of ownership. C. Any bull presented for sale at a livestock auction market without a virgin bull affidavit or verification of a negative official T. foetus test: 1. Shall be tagged for slaughter only and sold for slaughter on a VS 1-27 form; 2. May go to the purchaser’s destination so long as the market veterinarian takes a sample for an official T. foetus test and the purchaser agrees to keep the bull under quarantine at the destination until receipt of negative test results. D. A livestock auction market shall not be liable for a virgin bull affidavit verifying no sexual contact with females within seven (7) days prior to arrival at the livestock auction market, and shall not be liable for the results of a market veterinarian’s sampling and results for an official T. foetus test. E. The above requirements shall become effective June 15, 2011, as an emergency regulation. F. All bulls found to be positive for T. foetus must be taken to slaughter within two weeks on a VS-127. The Arkansas Livestock and Poultry Commission must be notified of all positive bulls and the disposition of these bulls.
In May 2009, Livestock and Poultry passed trichomoniasis testing requirements for bulls moving into Arkansas. Import Requirements for Bulls A. No bull that has tested positive for trichomoniasis shall be brought into this state for any purpose whatsoever. B. No bull may be brought into this state without being accompanied by a negative test for trichomoniasis except for the following animals: 1. Exhibition and rodeo bulls that are temporarily in the state only for the purpose of the event and will be leaving the state after the event; 2. Bulls consigned to go directly to slaughter; and 3. Virgin bulls (under twenty-four (24) months of age). C. A bull that is brought into this state without being accompanied by a negative test for trichomoniasis shall not be comingled with any cow unless the bull is tested and found to be negative for trichomoniasis prior to comingling. D. All bulls, except exhibition and rodeo bulls, brought into this state shall be identified by one or more of the following means prior to importation: 1. Brucellosis ear tag; 2. Official 840 radio frequency identification device (RFID); 3. Official 840 flap or bangle tag; 4. Official individual animal breed registry brand. E. Virgin bulls, other than exhibition and rodeo bulls, brought into this state shall, in addition to any other required documentation, be accompanied by a certification of virgin status signed by the owner of the bull, or the owner’s representative or a duly authorized veterinarian. The certification shall include the bull’s individual identification. If the owner seeking to import the virgin bull into this state acquired the bull from a breeder or another owner, a certification of virgin status signed by the breeder and each prior owner of the bull, or their representative, must also accompany the bull. The use of the Arkansas Virgin Bull Status form is required. F. The requirements for trichomoniasis testing shall be three separate culture tests, each conducted not less than one week apart, or one (1) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test no more than thirty (30) days prior to entry of the bull into this state. All sample collections and inspection of bulls must be performed by a licensed and accredited veterinarian. Testing for trichomoniasis must be performed at/by an accredited/approved laboratory. G. All bulls found to be positive for T. foetus must be taken to slaughter within two weeks on a VS-127. The Arkansas Livestock and Poultry Commission must be notified of all positive bulls and the disposition of these bulls




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